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In economy, the investment means the application of production means capital, with the aim of increasing the capacity productive (factories, machinery, transport, infrastructure), that is in capital assets. The productive investment is realized when the rate of gain on the capital is at least equal superior or to the interest rate.
Accounts of gross investment of all the expenses with the capital assets (machines and equipment) and the creation of inventory.
The net investment excludes the cost from maintenance and pieces of spare part, the depreciation of equipment and facilities. Since directly it is related to the purchase of capital assets and therefore the expansion of the production capacity, the net investment measured more accurately the growth of the economy.
“Investment� also can talk about to the purchase of financial assets (action, invoices and other documents). Classification of the investments of
- Independent A./employee. Two investments To and B say that they are independent, when the net product of one is not influenced by the performance or not the other. They depend on the net income when they are affected by the profit of another one. Within this classification it can be considered complementary to the investment, if it is or not the mutually excluding market perfect competition or. Pensions - when the influence is positive; Competitors - when the influence is negative, exclude themselves mutually - the accomplishment of one excludes the accomplishment from another one.
- B. Conventional or nonconventional. Conventional - When one or more periods of net expenses, followed of one or more periods of net income. That is to say, nonconventional - On the contrary, the income and expenses put in the time.
- Small Great C./an investment is great or small as their influence on the prices.
- D. Innovation/Replacement/Strategic Expansion/. Innovation - It covers the production and launching with new products, therefore they can be the studies of markets and the delay, the determination of the rates or the study of the competition and its probable actions. The substitution investments - they are most common in the companies to increase the capacity of the company and are those that have less uncertainty. Expansion of the investment - the investments increase the capacity of the company without changing the nature of their products. An increase of the expenses qu represents an increase of the income. The strategic investments - designed for it directly does not increase the yield of the company, but rather to promote favorable conditions for the prosperity and the success of the mentioned projects previously.
Project of investment
An investment project is an application of the little bottoms that generate income for a certain period of time, to maximize the benefits of the company. Although the request of bottoms that the grain yield, the project is a business for the company, that is decided by its application or no, like the evaluation of which it is in the matter of investment alternatives.
The investment project is a concept understood in two-way traffic: as a plan (intention) and as investment study (written procedure) the intention of the investment (the companies). Since the study is the translation in the paper of the intention of the investment, both concepts are equivalent, congregated in the file of the investment project. Although the plan of investments, the project is a proposal of application of the limited resources that have alternative uses for a business, is expected, will generate future income by a time, in conditions for paying the application. Stages of development of the investment project
We consider that the following phases of development of an investment project: the phase of design (including the phase of identification, preparation and evaluation of the project) the phase of execution (that includes the phases of investment in himself) the operational phase of the present activity company
After choosing which will be the investment, it must realize a project of viability of the same, to evaluate the most favorable alternatives for the unfolding and therefore they are based on concrete sources for the taking of a favorable decision the organization. Finally, after the decision, he is the financial director, along with other areas of the organization, to approve the project and his impantação, or to remake the project to evaluate new alternatives for the profit of the objectives that is the gain.
Within the main indices to analyze the yield of the investment it means:
RETURN OF THE INVESTMENT (ROI); TIR (internal rate of return); VPN (net present value); Minimum index of attractive. The public investments are defined as the applications of the total property of the State. and whose main objective is to improve the life of the people who do not have a “objective for charity�.
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